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Chapter 16
Microevolution
1 Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most:
a. advanced c. primitive e. specialized
b. complex d. widespread f. none of the above
2 Cuvier was a strong proponents ot the theory of:
a. uniformity c. catastrophism e. acquired characteristics
b. relativity d. natural selection f. none of the above
3 Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning Lamarck's theory of inheritance
of acquired characteristics:
a. Nature selects the best adapted individuals to survive and reproduce
b. Environmental pressures cause changes that are inherited.
c. Life forms gradually and proceeds towards perfection.
d. A great pianist would beget a great pianist.
e. The drive for improvement was the "fluida" of the nerves.
f. None of the above.
4 According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the __________ found in populations:
a. acquired characters c. weakest members e. similarities
b. variations d. noncompetitors f. none of the above
5 Artifical selection occurs when:
a. The environment controls which organisms will survive
b. Humans determine which organisms will survive
c. The extremes of the population have a lesser chance to survive.
d. The extremes of the population have a better chance to survive.
e. The organisms on one exteme of the population have a better chance to survive than
those on the other extreme.
f. None of the above.
6 Four of the five answers listed below are characteristics of mutations. Select the exception:
a. predictable c. random e. heritable
b. letal or beneficial d. effects depend on environment f. no exception listed
7 Four of the five answers listed below can upset genetic equilibrium. Select the exception:
a. interbreeding c. mutation e. gene flow
b. genetic drift d. natural selection f. no exception listed
8 The forelimbs of early mammals were similar in all features except:
a. embryonic origin c. number e. composition
b. position on the body d. function f. none of the above
9 Which of the following evolve:
a. populations c. kingdoms e. individuals
b. genera d. phyla f. none of the above
10 According to Darwin, adaptive traits will increase in frequency:
a. as the mutation rate increases due to environmental pressures
b. if the promote survival and reproduction
c. if the alleles that control them decrease competitiveness
d. as populations grow smaller
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
Chapter 17
Speciation
11 In the biological species concept of E. Mayer, what aspect of a population is critical to determining
a species:
a. physical appearance c. interbreeding capabilities e. similar genotypes
b. similar behavior patterns d. polyploidy f. none of the above
12 Which of the following is a characteristic feature that would NOT distiguish two different species?
a. They have different gene pools.
b. If hybrids are produced as a result of mating, the offspring are sterile.
c. Their ranges do not overlap.
d. Their courtship patterns are different so tha they do not attempt to interbreed.
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
13 Which of the following will NOT promote speciation:
a. gamete differences d. natural selection
b.gene flow e. genetic drift
c. season of fertility f. none of the above
14 Divergence may lead to:
a. genetic drift c. balanced polymorphism e. genetic equilibrium
b. speciation d. gene flow f. none of the above
15 The 13 year and 17 year cicadas are isolated by:
a. space c. reproductive incompatibility e. gamete incompatability
b. behavior d. time f. none of the above
16 Allopatric speciation requires:
a. gradual evolutionary changes c. polyploidy e. all of the above
b. geographic isolation d. adaptive radiation f. none of the above
17 Sympatric speciation occurs:
a. gradually c. in the same homeland e. b and c
b. rapidly d. a and c f. none of the above
18 Parapatric speciation would be expected to occur most often:
a. in the same homeland
b. near a common border between two populations
c. within a group of interbreeding populations
d across obvious geographical barriers
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
19 The catastrophic global loss of a species can be described as:
a. punctuation model c. mass extinction e. allopatirc speciation
b. global radiation d. adaptive radiation f. none of the above
20 Four of the five answers listed below are used in describing a species. Select the exception:
a. interbreeding c. natural e. appearance
b. sexual reproduction d. population f. none of the above
21 Three of the four answers listed below are types of speciation. Select the exception:
a. postzygoitc c. parapatric e. all of the above
b. allopatric d. sympatric f. none of the above
22 Four of the five answers listed below can function to isolate populations. Select the exception:
a. geography c. time e. all of the above
b. behavior d. gametes f. none of the above
23 Hybrid inviability is an example of what kind of isolation:
a. gametic c. divergent e. postzygotic
b. prezygotic d. mechanical f. none of the above
24 Speciation occurs:
a. after populations become reproductively isolated and diverge
b. when mutations generate observable differences
c. when transitional forms develop between different populations
d. when transitional forms develop between different populations
e. when humans intervene and establich new breeds
f. none of the above
25 Which of the following can result in instant speciation:
a. development of a physical barrier
b. polyploidy
c. increase in physical size
d. change in environmental conditions
e. the introduction of a new predator
f. none of the above
Chapter 18
Macroevolutionary Puzzle
26 The fossil record is imcomplete because:
a. very few organisms were preserved as fossils
b. organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil
c. animals with hard paarts are preserved more easily
d. geological processes may destroy fossils.
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
27 Fossils would include:
a. skeletons c. seeds e. all of these
b. shells d. tracks f. none of these
28 The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are ________ and show morphological ______:
a. homologous; convergence
b. analogous; convergence
c. homologous; divergence
d. analogous; divergence
e. none of the above
29 The variation in the forms of adult vertebrates probably arose through mutations in ______ genes:
a. dominant c. oncogenic e. operator
b. regulatory d. promoter d. none of the above
30 Which mutations are NOT subject to natural selection:
a. lethal c. neutral e. beneficial
b. physiological d. morphological f. none of the above
31 Which of the following includes all the others:
a. family c. species e. order
b. phylum d. class f. none of the above
32 Which of the following groups represents the most closely related organisms:
a. kingdoms c. orders e. taxa
b. species d. genera f. none of the above
33 Prokaryotes are included in the kingdom:
a. Eubacteria c. Fungi e. b and c
b. Protista d. a and b f. a and c
34 The only kingdom that is NOT characterized by heterotrophy is:
a. Eubacteria c. Fungi c. Plantae
b. Protista d. Animalia f. none of the above
35 Which kingdom includes single-celled organisms with a true nucleus:
a. Archaebacteria c. Animalia e. Plantae
b. Protista d. Fungi f. none of the above
36 Four of the five answers listed below have a common relationship. Select the exception:
a. Protista c. Animalia e. Fungi
b. Plantae d. Eugacteria f. none of the above
37 Four of the five answers are members of the same grop. Select the exception:
a. tulips c. conifers e. protozoans
b. mosses d. ferns f. none of the above
38 Scientific names of organisms are written in:
a. French c. Latin e. Swedish
b. English d. German f. none of the above
39 Phylogeny refers to what aspects of individuals:
a. morphological traits c. physiological characteristics e. all of the above
b. evolutionary relationships d. behavioral features f. none of the above
40 The most conclusive evidence used to establish the relationship of closely relates species is:
a. fossils c. DNA e. analogous structures
b. taxonomy d. homologous structures f. none of the above
Chapter 19
The Origin and Evolution of Life
41 Life on earth began how many years ago?
a. 6,000 c. 35, 000,000 e. 3,800,000,000
b. 350,000 d. 350,000,000 f. none of the above
42 The primitive earth's atomosphere did NOT contain:
a. water vapor c. free hydrogen e. helium
b. free nitrogen d. free oxygen f. none of the above
43 Protein syntheis on the primordial earth may have been catalyzed by _______ before the
evolution of enzymes:
a. DNA c. amino acids e. lightning
b. carbohydrates d. RNA f. all of the above
44 Contemporary hypotheses concerned with the origin of life focus on what two characteristic
of living systems:
a. energy conversion and development of a nucleus
b. self-replication and utilization of oxygen
c. plasma membranes and self-replication
d. growth and transcription e. all of the above f. none of the above
45 The first organisms:
a. were autotrophic c. were heterotrophic e. all of the above
b. were parasitic d. were aerobic f. none of the above
46 The mitochondrion:
a. has its own DNA
b. transcribes its own DNA
c. has DNA that functions independently of nuclear DNA
d. has DNA that is somewhat different from nuclear DNA
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
47 The largest mass exticntion the world has ever known occurred at the end of which period:
a. Cretaceous c. Triassic e. Tertiary
b. Permian d. Jurassic f. none of the above
48 The extensive adaptive radiation of the mammals occurred during which geological era:
a. Paleozoic c. Cenozoic e. Devonian
b. Cretateous d. Mesozoic f. none of the above
49 The disappearance of dinosaurs is correlated with the transition between which two periods:
a. Devonian, Carboniferous c. Carboniferous, Permian e. Carboniferous, Silurian
b. Silurian, Devonian d. Cretaceous, Tertiary f. none of the above
50 Major extinctions of marine organisms occurred at the beginning of this period:
a. Permian c. Jurassic e. Tertiary
b. Triassic d. Cretaceous f. none of the above
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